Multi-Media Filters are the most well-known solution to remove iron from water . This system is known for its ability to remove iron, turbidity, odors, color, and suspended particles to produce high-quality water. These filters consist of multiple graded membrane layers arranged from largest to smallest in grain size to enable efficient filtration of larger particles followed by smaller particles. When a coagulant is used simultaneously, small particles are joined together to create larger particles that can be more easily filtered out. This process helps to remove iron from water , including particles of up to 10 microns in size. Additionally, Multi-Media filters are a cost-effective solution to remove iron from water .
A Green Sand Filter (GSF) system can be used as direct water filtration to deal with iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for the supply of potable water applications or it can be used as a pre-treatment for equipment or a process, such as a Reverse Osmosis System, that needs lower levels of the mentioned ions. This system is normally used in industrial plants, municipal treatment facilities or commercial establishments that need better quality water than that coming from the city.
Iron filtration systems are designed to reduce iron being that it is the fourth most abundant metal in Earth’s crust. Understandably, feed sources like groundwater contain heavy metals, organic matter, suspended solids, etc. Well water is especially known to contain elements of heavy metals from the surrounding ground areas that can inhibit its optimal usage. When iron oxidizes, its chemical composition changes into particles that account for discoloration, odor, and bacteria growth in water. Increased levels of iron can also cause the levels of other harmful elements like manganese to elevate. This is where an iron filtration system comes into play! A Multi-Media filter is the ideal filtration system to reduce elevated levels of iron and manganese.
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Multi-Media filters are able to produce high flow-rates. Backwashing is the process of self-cleaning for filters to prevent fouling and buildup of particles on the membrane. This happens by flushing the system with water in the opposite direction of the service flow. Turbidity often occurs on the first two inches of the filter bed; however, media filters trap turbidity within the entire bed to extend the periods of time between backwashing cycles. This enables the multi-media filter to produce up to five times more reagent water per production period than average.
The GSF, just like any media filters, is composed of a mineral tank (FRP or Steel), Valve controllers (Top or Side mounted) or Face-piping with Controllers (Digital Stagers or PLC), media (Gravel and Greensand). A GSF is available in different flow rate capacities and media volumes. It can be configured to run as a single stand-alone unit or multiple-tanks, which run altogether or in sequence depending on the application. Smaller units can have valve controllers, such as Fleck® or Clack®, while medium units can have air or electric actuated diaphragm valves (Aquamatic®) that are controlled by a Digital Stager. Larger units are normally designed with electrically-powered butterfly valves and have a PLC (Siemens® or Allen-Bradley®) as the main controller. It should have a service flow rate of 2-5 GPM/ft2 and a minimum backwash rate of 12 GPM/ft2 to make sure it is running in optimum conditions and to prolong the life of the media. The media in the tank should only have a maximum of 50% depth level to allow the greensand media to expand by 40% during the backwash mode.
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